Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a common endocrine disorder that affects several women worldwide. While it’s known to cause various reproductive and metabolic issues, one of the lesser-discussed consequences of PCOS is its potential link to secondary infertility. Secondary infertility occurs when a couple struggles to conceive after successfully having a child in the past. Here is what we need to know about PCOS
To better understand how PCOS impacts secondary infertility, The Channel 46 collaborated with Dr. Sreelakshmi Atluri, a Fertility Consultant at Nova IVF Fertility, Vijayawada to shed some light on the matter.
Understanding PCOS
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a complex hormonal disorder that affects the ovaries. It is characterised by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, irregular menstrual cycles, and hormonal imbalances. PCOS typically emerges during a woman’s reproductive years and can manifest in various ways, making it a highly individualised condition. While the exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role in its development.
Secondary Infertility And PCOS
Secondary infertility is a unique challenge faced by couples who have previously had children but are unable to conceive again. PCOS can be a significant contributor to secondary infertility for several reasons:
1. Ovulatory Dysfunction Persists
While some women with PCOS may successfully conceive their first child, the underlying hormonal imbalances often persist. These imbalances can continue to disrupt regular ovulation, making it difficult to conceive again.
2. Ageing And PCOS
As women with PCOS age, the natural decline in fertility becomes more pronounced. This age-related decline and the ongoing challenges of PCOS can significantly impact the ability to conceive a second child.
3. Metabolic Factors
PCOS is associated with insulin resistance and obesity in some cases. These metabolic factors can contribute to infertility by affecting the quality of eggs and the overall reproductive environment.
4. Lifestyle Changes
Women who have successfully managed PCOS to conceive their first child may experience changes in lifestyle, such as weight gain, stress, or dietary habits, that can further complicate their ability to conceive again.
Signs And Symptoms
The symptoms of PCOS can vary from person to person, but some common signs may contribute to secondary infertility:
1. Irregular Menstrual Cycles
Women with PCOS often have irregular or absent periods due to hormonal imbalances. This makes tracking ovulation and planning for conception challenging.
2. Anovulation
Anovulation, or the lack of ovulation, is common in PCOS. Without ovulation, fertilisation cannot occur.
3. Excessive Hair Growth
PCOS can lead to hirsutism, which is excessive hair growth on the face and body. This can be a sign of elevated androgen levels, which are associated with PCOS-related fertility problems.
4. Weight Gain
Many women with PCOS struggle with weight management, which can exacerbate the condition and contribute to fertility issues.
5. Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is common in PCOS and can affect the ovaries’ ability to release eggs.
Diagnosis And Treatment
If you suspect that PCOS may be contributing to your secondary infertility, it’s essential to seek a proper diagnosis and treatment. A healthcare provider will typically perform a comprehensive evaluation, which may include a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies to assess the ovaries.
Treatment for infertility related to PCOS often involves addressing the underlying hormonal imbalances and ovulatory dysfunction:
1. Lifestyle Modifications
Weight management and a healthy lifestyle can significantly improve fertility outcomes for women with PCOS. Maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity can help regulate hormones and improve ovulation.
2. Medications For Ovulation Induction
Hormonal medications such as clomiphene citrate and letrozole are commonly prescribed to induce ovulation in women with PCOS. Metformin, an insulin-sensitising medication, may also be recommended to improve ovulatory function.
3. Gonadotropins
Fertility specialists can administer medications to stimulate egg growth directly. This approach can be particularly effective for women with PCOS who do not respond to standard ovulation-inducing medications.
4. Surgery
In some cases, surgical interventions such as ovarian drilling may be recommended to improve ovarian function
5. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
In cases where other treatments are ineffective, IVF may be considered. IVF involves fertilising eggs outside the body and then transferring the embryos into the uterus.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition that can impact a woman’s fertility, both in terms of primary and secondary infertility. The hormonal imbalances, irregular ovulation, and other symptoms associated with PCOS make it challenging for couples to conceive, particularly when trying for a second child. However, with proper diagnosis and management, many women with PCOS can overcome secondary infertility and expand their families.
If you’re experiencing secondary infertility and suspect that PCOS may be a contributing factor, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider or fertility specialist. They can develop a tailored treatment plan that addresses your unique needs and increases your chances of achieving a successful pregnancy. Remember that you’re not alone in this journey, and support is available to help you navigate the emotional challenges that may arise along the way.
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